Heart Health:

Berry S, et al. 2008. Manipulation of lipid bioaccessibility of almond seeds influences postprandial lipemia in healthy human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr  88:922-929. Click here.

Fraser, GE. 1994. Diet and coronary heart disease: beyond dietary fats and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.  Am J Clin Nutr 59:1117S-1123S.

Gigleux, et al. 2007. Comparison of a dietary portfolio diet of cholesterol-lowering foods and a statin on LDL particle size phenotype in hypercholesterolaemic participants. Br J Nutr 98:1229-1236.

Hyson DA, Schneeman BO, Davis PA. 2002. Almonds and almond oil have similar effects on plasma lipids and LDL oxidation in healthy men and women. J Nutr 132:703-707.

Jambazian PR, et al. 2005. Almonds in the diet simultaneously improve plasma α-tocopherol concentrations and reduce plasma lipids. J Am Diet Assoc 105:449-454.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2006. Almonds decrease postprandial glycemia, insulinemia and oxidative damage in healthy individuals. J Nutr 136:2987-2992.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2006. Assessment of the longer-term effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods in hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 83:582-591.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2008. Almonds reduce biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in older hyperlipidemic subjects. J Nutr 138(11):908-913.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2008. Effect of almonds on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in nondiabetic hyperlipidemic subjects: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Metab Clin Exp  27(6):882-887.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2003. The effect of combining plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and almonds in treating hypercholesterolemia. Metabolism 52(11):1478-1483.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2005. Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants. Am J Clin Nutr 81:380-387.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2005. Direct comparison of dietary portfolio vs statin on C-reactive protein. Eur J Clin Nutr 59:851-860.

Jenkins  DJ, et al. Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol - lowering foods vs lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein. J Am Med Assoc 290(4):502-510.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2002. Dose response of almonds on coronary heart disease risk factors: blood lipids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins,lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and pulmonary nitric oxide a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Circulation 106:1327-1332.

Jenkins DJ, et al. 2008. Long-term effects of a plant-based dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods on blood pressure. Eur J Clin Nutr 62(6):781-788.

Jenkins DJ et al. 2007. Effect on hematologic risk factors for coronary heart disease of a cholesterol reducing diet. Eur. J Clin Nutr  61:483-492.

Joice C. 2004. A practical approach to The Portfolio Diet. On the Cutting Edge of Diabetes 25(6):9-12.

Joice C. 2007. A practical approach to the Portfolio Eating Plan; a dietary regime to prevent

cardiovascular disease. Cah Nutr Diét 42(1):42-45.

Kendall CWC, et al. 2003. Energy availability from almonds: Implications for weight loss and cardiovascular health. A randomized controlled dose-response trial. Faseb J. 17(4): A339.

Kurlandsky SB, Stote KS. 2006. Cardioprotective effects of chocolate and almond consumption in healthy women. Nutr Res 26:509-516.

Lamarche BS, et al. 2004. Combined effects of a dietary portfolio of plant sterols, vegetable protein,viscous fibre and almonds on LDL particle size. Br J Nutr 92:657-663.

Sabaté JE, et al. 2003. Serum lipid response to the graduated enrichment of a Step I diet with almonds: A randomized feeding trial. Am J Clin Nutr 77:1379-1384.

Sabaté JE, et al. 2001. Dose response effects of almonds on serum lipid levels in healthy men and women: A randomized feeding trial. FASEB J 15(5):A601.

Spiller GA, et al. 2003. Effects of plant-based diets high in raw or roasted almonds, or roasted almond butter on serum lipoproteins in humans. J Am Coll Nutr 22(3):195-200.

Spiller GA, et al. 1992. Effect of a diet high in monounsaturated fat from almonds on plasma cholesterol and lipoproteins. J Am Coll Nutr 11(2):126-130.

Spiller GA, et al. 1998. Nuts and plasma lipids: An almond diet lowers LDL-C while preserving HDL-C. J Am Coll Nutr 17(3):285-290.

Nutrients & Antioxidants:

Ahrens SM, et al. 2005. Almond (Prunus dulcis L.) protein (quality). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 60:123-128.

Amarowicz RT, Agnieszka A, Troszynska F, Shahidi. 2005. Antioxidant activity of almond seed extract and its fractions. J Food Lipids 12:344-358.

Bolling BW, Dolnikowski G, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO. 2009. Quantification of almond skin polyphenols by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Food Sci doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01133.x.

 Chen CY, Blumberg JB. 2008. In vitro activity of almond skin polyphenols for scavenging free radicals and inducing quinone reductase. J Agric Food Chem 56(12):4427-4434.

Chen CY, Lapsley K, Blumberg JB. 2006. A nutrition and health perspective on almonds. J Sci Food Agric 86:2245-2250.

Chen CY, Milbury PE, Lapsley K, Blumberg JB. 2005. Flavonoids from almond skins are bioavailable and act synergistically with Vitamins C and E to enhance hamster and human LDL resistance to oxidation. J Nutr 135:1366-1373.

Chen CY, Milbury PE, Chung SK, Blumberg JB. 2007. Effect of almond skin polyphenols and quercetin on human LDL and apolipoprotein B-100 oxidation and conformation. J Nutr Biochem 18:785-794.

Frison-Norrie SL, Sporns P. 2002. Identification and quantification of flavonol glycosides in almond seedcoats using MALDI-TOF MS. J Agric Food Chem 50(10):2785-2787.

Frison-Norrie SL, Sporns P. 2002. Variation in the flavonol glycoside composition of almond seedcoats as determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 50(23):6818-6822.

Hughey CA, et al. 2008. Capillary liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the rapid identification and quantification of almond flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 1192(2):259.

Joice CK, Lapsley K, Blumberg JB. 2008. Almonds as a value added ingredient: Benefits of a

nutrient rich, high fibre nut. Agro Food Ind Hi Tec 19(3):16-18.

Lapsley K, Huang G. 2004. Health benefits of almonds. Cereal Foods World 49(1):6-10.

Li N, et al. 2007. Almond consumption reduces oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in male smokers. J Nutr 137:2717-2722.

Mandalari G, et al. 2009. Characterization of polyphenols, lipids and dietary fiber from almond skins (Amygdalus communis L.). J Food Compos Anal Accepted for Publication

Mandalari G, et al. 2008. Release of protein, lipid, and Vitamin E from almond seeds during digestion. J Agric Food Chem 56(9):3409-3416.

Milbury PE, Chen CY, Dolnikowski GG, Blumberg JB. 2006. Determination of flavonoids and phenolics and their distribution in almonds. J Agric Food Chem 54:5027-5033.

Milbury PE, Chen CY, Kwak HK, Blumberg JB. 2002. Almond skins polyphenolics act synergistically with α-tocopherol to increase the resistance of low-density lipoproteins to

oxidation. Free Radical Res 36(1):78-80.

Mowlana F, Heath MR, Van der Bilt A, Van der Glas HW. 1994. Assessment of chewing

efficiency: a comparison of particle size distribution determined using optical scanning and

sieving of almonds. J Oral Rehabil 21:545-551.

Ren Y, Waldron KW, Pacy JF, Ellis PR. 2001. Chemical and histochemical characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides in almond seeds in relation to lipid bioavailability. Biologically-active Phytochemicals in Food 446-452.

Sabate J. 2003. Nut consumption and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr 78(suppl):647-650.

Sang S, et al. 2003. An unusual diterpene glycoside from the nuts of almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). Tetrahedron Lett 44:1199-1202.

Sang S, et al. 2002. Sphingolipid and other constituents from almond nuts (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). J Agric Food Chem 50(16):4709-4712.

Sang S, Lapsley K, Rosen RT, Ho CT. 2002. New prenylated benzoic acid and other

constituents from almond hulls (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). J Agric Food Chem 50(3):607-609.

Sang S, et al. 2002. Antioxidative phenolic compounds isolated from almond skins (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). J Agric Food Chem 50(8):2459-2463.

Sang S, et al. 2002. New type sesquiterpene lactone from almond hulls (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). Tetrahedron Lett 43:2547-2549.

Sathe SK, et al. 2008. Fatty acid composition of California grown almonds. J Food Sci 73(9):C607-C614.

Sathe SK, et al. 2002. Biochemical characterization of amandin, the major storage protein in almond (Prunus dulcis L.). J Agric Food Chem 50(15):4333-4341.

Sriwardahana SSKW, Shahidi F. 2002. Antiradical activity of extracts of almond and its by-products. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 79(9):903-908.

Sze-Tao KWC, Sathe SK. 2000. Functional properties and in vitro digestibility of almond

(Prunus dulcis L.) protein isolate. Food Chem 69:153-160.

Wijeratne SSK, Abou-Zaid MM, Shahidi F. 2006. Antioxidant polyphenols in almond and its coproducts. J Agric Food Chem 54:312-318.

Wijeratne SSK, Amarowicz R, Shahidi F. 2006. Antioxidant activity of almonds and their by-products in food model systems. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83(3):223-230.

Young CT, Schadel WE, Pattee HE, Sanders TH. 2004. The microstructure of almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb cv. ‘Nonpareil’) cotyledon. Swiss Soc Food Sci Technol 37 :317-322.

Weight Maintenance:

Burton-Freeman B, Davis PA, Schneeman BO. 2004. Interaction of fat availability and sex on postprandial satiety and cholecystokinin after mixed-food meals 1–3. Am J Clin Nutr 80:1207-1214.

Cassady BA, et al. 2009. Mastication of almonds: effects of lipid bioaccessibility, appetite, and hormone response. Am J Clin Nutr 89:794-800.

Ellis PR, et al. 2004. Role of cell walls in the bioaccessibility of lipids in almond seeds. Am J Clin Nutr 80:604-613.

Fraser GE, Bennett HW, Jaceldo-Siegl KB, Sabaté J. 2002. Effect on body weight of a free 76 kilojoule (320 calorie) daily supplement of almonds for six months. J Am Coll Nutr 21(3):275-283.

Frecka JM, Hollis JH, Mattes RD. 2008. Effects of appetite, BMI, food form and flavor on

mastication: almonds as a test food. Eur J Clin Nutr 62(10):1231-1238.

Hollis JH, Mattes RD. 2007. Effect of chronic consumption of almonds on body weight in healthy humans. Br J Nutr 98:651-656.

Jaceldo-Siegl K, Sabaté J, Rajaram S, Fraser GE. 2004. Long-term almond supplementation without advice on food replacement induces favourable nutrient modifications to the habitual diets of free-living individuals. Br J Nutr 92:533-540.

Wien MA, et al. 2003. Almonds vs complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program. Int J Obesity 27:1365-1372.

Prebiotics:

Mandalari G, et al. 2008. Potential prebiotic properties of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) seeds. Appl Environ Microbiol 74(14):4264-4270.

Allergens:

Roux KH, Teuber SS, Robotham JM, Sathe SK. 2001. Detection and stability of the major almond allergen in foods. J Agric Food Chem 49:2131-2136.

Sathe SK. 1993. Solubilization, electrophoretic characterization and in vitro digestibility of almond (Prunus amygdalus) proteins. J Agric Food Chem 16:249-264.

Sathe SK, Teuber SS, Gradziel TM, Roux KH. 2001. Electrophoretic and immunological analyses of almond (Prunus dulcis L.) genotypes and hybrids. J Agric Food Chem 49(4):2043-2052.

Su M, et al. 2004. Impact of γ-irradiation andthermal processing on the antigenicity of almond, cashew nut and walnut proteins. J Sci Food Agric 84:1119-1125.

Venkarachalam M, Teuber SS, Roux KH, Sathe SK. 2002. Effects of roasting, blanching, autoclaving, and microwave heating on antigenicity of almond (Prunus dulcis L.) proteins. J Agric Food Chem 50(12):3543-3548.

Other:

Davis PA, Iwahashi CK. 2001. Whole almonds and almond fractions reduce aberrant crypt foci in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 165:27-33.

Jia X, et al. 2006. A pilot study on the effects of almond consumption on DNA damage and oxidative stress in smokers. Nutr Cancer 54(2):179-183. 

Josse AR, et al. 2007. Almonds and postprandial glycemia – a dose-response study. Metabolism 56(3):400-404.

Lovejoy JC, et al. 2002. Effect of diets enriched in almonds on insulin action and serum lipids in adults with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 76:1000-1006.

Song Y, et al. 2009. A subchronic oral toxicity study of almond skins in rats. Food Chem Toxi Manuscript under Review